Solid lubricants (固態潤滑劑)
Solid lubricants are materials, which in solid phase reduce friction between surfaces sliding against each other, without the need for a liquid medium.
固態潤滑劑是一種物質，不需要液體界質，以固體的形式就能減少兩個表面間滑動產生的磨損。
They are able to provide improved lubrication at higher temperatures compared to traditional oil-based lubricants. Low-friction properties of dry lubricants are attributed to their layered structure on the molecular level with weak bonding between layers. Such layers are able to slide relative to each other with minimal applied force, therefore giving them their low friction properties. However, a layered crystal structure alone is not necessarily sufficient for lubrication. There are some solids with non-lamellar structures that function well as dry lubricants in certain applications such as polytetrafluroethylene(PTFE or Teflon®).
相較於傳統的潤滑油，他們能讓提升在高溫時的潤滑度。乾式潤滑液低摩擦特性是因為他們在分子層狀上結構排列間的連結較弱。例如這些層狀只要小小的施力就能夠移動，因此讓它們具備低摩擦的特性。然而，單獨的結晶層狀結構不足夠潤滑。有些非層狀結構固體潤滑劑功效也很好，並被當作乾式潤滑液使用，例如polytetrafluroethylene(PTFE or Teflon®)。
The most commonly used solid lubricants are(常見的固體潤滑液如):
• Graphite. (C) 石墨
• Molybdenum disulfide. (MoS2) 二硫化鉬
• Hexagonal Boron Nitride. (hBN). 六方氮化硼
• Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE or Teflon ®) 聚四氟乙烯
Solid lubricants in oils (dispersions)
機油中的固體潤滑液(懸浮)
The solid lubricants, when correctly formulated and dispersed, are a unique combination of lubricants that have exceptional properties. Although these can be approached individually by conventional chemical additives, the balance of properties required in many heavy duty industrial lubricants as well as high performance automotive oils and greases, can only be obtained with a perfect blend of colloidal solid lubricants.
當有正確的配方並分散良好，固體潤滑劑跟潤滑液獨特的結合能有超乎預期的效能。雖然透過傳統化學添加劑也能達到需求，但許多重級工業的潤滑油甚至高效能的汽車機油及油脂所需的性能，只能在有完美攪拌的膠狀固體潤滑油得到。
Features of colloidal Solid Lubricants: 更多膠狀固體潤滑油
- They reduce friction:能減少摩擦係數
- Reduced energy costs減少能源成本
- Fuel savings 節省燃油
- Reduced running temperature 減少運轉工作溫度
- Increased power availability 增加動力輸出
- Smooth running 運轉更順暢
- No seizure 不會阻塞
- They increase load capacity: 增加負荷承載力
- Reliable and smoother running-in 起步運轉順暢及穩定
- Shorter running-in procedures 能縮短起步運作流程
- They absorb shocks and prevent wear through vibration
能吸震並防止因為震動造成磨損
- Ideal for heavy duty conditions適用於嚴苛工作狀態
- Longer life for components 延長機件壽命
- Reduced maintenance cost 減少維修成本
- Greater operating time 更長的運作時間
- They are not consumed in use使用時不會被消耗
- They can operate in dry conditions在乾燥的狀態下也能潤滑
- Machinery insurance against lubricant supply failure
防止機械發生故障
- Wide temperature range 耐溫度廣
Particle size (粒子大小)
Particle size is important because in a solid/liquid system, the settling rate is proportional to the square of the diameter of the particle. If the particle size is halved, its rate of sediment action is reduced by a factor of four. Particle size control is therefore vital.
粒子大小非常重要，因為在固態/液態系統，沉積比率跟粒子的直徑平方成正比。
如果粒子大小是減半，則沉降速度可以減少四倍。因此粒子大小的控制相當重要。
Colloidal dispersions are sufficiently fine to pass through automotive filters without clogging or build-up. The particles in our dispersions are smaller than blood cells and invisible to the naked eye.
以膠狀懸浮物狀態成功精細的穿過汽車濾心並且不會結塊或沉積。在我們懸浮物中，粒子的體積比血液細胞還小很多，並且是肉眼看不見的。
Stability (穩定性)
Regardless of particle size, even the finest dispersion will settle if it is not stable. When dispersions are not stable they will flocculate, that is the fine particles will agglomerate into large particles, and quickly settle. This can be prevented by coating the primary particles with a layer of stabiliser that avoids coagulation.
無論粒子大小，如果不夠穩定，即便到最後的懸浮物仍會沉降。當懸浮物不夠穩定他們會凝聚，這樣最後的粒子會凝結成為大的粒子並且很快的沉澱。這可以透過讓主要的粒子包覆一層穩定劑避免凝結發生。
A properly designed stabiliser is an essential partner to a fine particle size dispersion. The colloidal dispersions have long shelf life stability with little or no settling they might require only mild agitation to disperse the settled solids.
穩定劑最適當的設計對於最終懸浮粒子來說是相當重要的部分。膠狀懸浮物的壽命長且穩定，很少或幾乎沒有沉降，他們只需要輕微的攪拌就能讓沉降的固態體再次懸浮。
Compatibility（相容性）
Not only must the stabiliser work in these products, but it must also continue to be effective when blended with lubricating components likely to be used by the customer. Moreover, our aftermarket additives must absolutely be compatible with all type of oils available on the market. For this we continuously carry out stability tests on the latest generations of engine and transmission oils. This compatibility should be maintained under actual operating conditions such as high temperatures and moisture contamination. Room temperature stability is not enough. The efficiency of the stabilizer results of its compatibility with the finished lubricant, base oil, and soluble additives under operating conditions.
在這些產品中不只是需要穩定劑，當在與客戶可會使用的潤滑油成分攪拌的時候，它也要持續的有效用。此外，我們的售後市場添加劑必須要能夠與所有類型的機油相容。對此，我們持續關注在最近新一代引擎機油及變速箱油穩定性的測試。這個相容性應該能在一些特殊的運轉環境下繼續維持，例如高溫或潮濕汙染的環境。
在室溫下穩定是不夠的。這個穩定的效益是因為成品潤滑油、基礎油及固體添加劑在運作狀態下的相容性。